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The rise of television

 

Television (as well as other more recent competitors) eventually began to have a negative impact on newspapers. Particularly, the growth of cable television and its host of specialized networks such as CNN in the 1980s and the explosive new Internet of the 1990s prompted more and more Americans to determine they really didn't need a newspaper. An entire generation has by now grown up largely unaccustomed to a newspaper reading habit. An American adult 34 years of age and younger is only half as likely to read a daily newspaper as adults aged 35 and above. The long-term implications of this for newspapers are obvious.

And the consequences of these just-mentioned trends aren't surprising. In 1994, television passed newspapers in advertising revenue for the first time in history, and the gap between the two grows wider every year. Habitual newspaper readers have shrunk to a bare majority of American adults. (A cynical inside joke is that the newspaper publisher hates to look at the obituaries for fear of seeing how many more readers have just been lost.) In the most recent six-month national circulation report, only seven of the U.S.'s largest 25 newspapers showed a circulation increase from five years previous (two of these seven benefited from rival newspapers folding in the same market and another was recovering from a long strike that saw it lose more than half of its circulation).

The following chart demonstrates the sure-but-steady decline in daily newspaper penetration (a measure of the percentage of households subscribing to at least one daily newspaper) as well as the explosive growth in television over the same span. The second column shows the number of U.S. households in millions, the third and final columns represent the circulation percentage of daily newspapers in relation to households and the percentage with television, respectively:

 

Year

Households

Newspapers

Television

1950 43.00 125.18 9.02
1955 47.62 117.91 64.47
1960 52.50 112.15 87.14
1965 56.90 106.08 92.62
1970 61.41 101.13 95.27
1975 70.52 86.02 97.14
1980 77.90 79.85 97.95
1985 86.53 72.54 98.12
1990 93.76 66.47 98.23
1995 97.06 59.95 98.29
2000 (est.) 102.35 52.38 98.20
Source: Facts About Newspapers, 1998. Newspaper Association of America.
TV Basics, 1998. Television Bureau of Advertising.

 

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