TERMS FOR LESSON 12
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Organs of Central Nervous System to Know
Cerebrum: The largest area of the brain
Ventricles: Spaces in the brain that contain the fluid
Cerebral spinal fluid: Liquid of the brain
Thalamus: Center part of brain
Hypothalamus: Most inferior part of middle part of brain
Cerebellum: Posterior part of brain
Brain stem: Lower area of brain
Pons: Bridge of brain
Medulla oblongata: Lowest portion of brain stem
Spinal cord: Large nerve mass in spinal column
Meninges: The fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord
Dura mater: The out shell of brain and spinal cord
Arachnoid: Middle layer of brain and spinal cord
Pia mater: Inner layer of brain and spinal cord
Autonomic Nervous System Words to Know
Sympathetic: To increase function
Parasympathetic: To decrease function
Organs of Peripheral Nervous System to Know:
Nerve: The pathway of nervous messages
Ganglion: Group of nerve cells
Neuron: Nerve
Dendrites: The end of neurons
Cell nucleus: Nucleus
Cell body: Center part of neuron
Axon: The front of neurons
Myelin sheath: Covering of neurons
Neurilemma: Membrane of schwann cells
Afferent nerve: Towards activation, sensory, towards the brain
Sensory: Towards brain
Efferent nerve: Away from activation, towards the body
Motor: Towards body
Neuroglia: Central nervous system neuron
Astrocyte cells: Star shaped neurons
Microglial cells: Respond to inflammation inside brain
Oligodendroglia cells: Extend out to other nerve cells
Word Roots to Know: Nervous System
Anesthesia: Loss of Consciousness
Cerebell/o: Cerebellum
Cerebr/o: Cerebrum
Dur/o: Hard, dura mater
Encephal/o: Brain
Gangli/o: Ganglion
Ganglion/o: Ganglion
Mening/i, mening/o: Meninges
Myel/o: Spinal cord, myelin sheath
Neur/o radic/o, radicul/o: Nerve, nerve root, nerve ray
Esthesi/o: Feeling, sensation, consciousness
Mon/o: One
Phas/o: Speech
Poli/o: Gray matter
Psych/o: Mind
Ment/o: Mind
Phren/o: Mind
Quad/i: Four
Prefixes and Suffixes to Know: Nervous System
Hemi: Half
Tetra: Four
Iatry: Medicine, treatment
Pan: All
Paresis: Slight, paralysis
Diagnostic Terms to Know: Nervous System
Cerebellitis: Inflamed cerebellum
Cerebral thrombosis: Blood clot in brain
Duritis: Inflamed dura mater
Encephalitis: Inflamed brain tissue
Encephalomalacia: Softening brain tissue
Encephalomyeloradiculitis: Inflamed brain, spinal column, vertebrae
Gangliitis: Inflamed ganglion
Meningitis: Inflamed meninges
Meningocele: Hernia of the meninges
Meningomyelocele: Hernia of the spinal cord and meninges
Neuralgia: Nerve pain
Neuroarthropathy: Disease of joint and nerve
Neuroasthenia: Loss of feeling to a nerve
Neuritis: Inflamed nerves
Neuroblast: Developing nerve cell
Neuroma: Tumor of a nerve
Poliomyelitis: Inflamed gray matter of spine
Polyneuritis: Inflamed many nerves
Radiculitis: Inflamed vertebrae radicular area
Subdural hematoma: Flood in the sub dural space
Alzheimer's disease: Senility at a early age, loss of mental and physical function
Cerebral palsy: Loss of nervous system control because of an accident at birth where oxygen is cut off from the brain
Cerebrovascular accident: Stoke
Epilepsy: Abnormal firing of brain tissue, types petite mal, grand mal, jacksonian
Hydrocephalus: Blockage of the fluid from brain and accumulation of fluid in the ventricles
Multiple sclerosis: Hardening myelin sheath because of a autoimmune response to the nerve and brain coverings
Neurosis: Minor form of mental illness
Parkinson's disease: Chronic degeneration of the central nervous system from the loss of nerohormone functioning
Psychosis: Major form of mental illness
Sciatica: Inflamed sciatic nerve
Shingles: Herper zoster virus infection of nerves from having chickenpoxs.
Surgical Terms to Know: Nervous System
Ganglionectomy: Removal of a ganglion
Neurectomy: Removal of a nerve
Neurolysis: Destruction of a nerve
Neuroplasty: Repair of a nerve
Neurorrhaphy: Suture of a nerve
Neurotomy: Incision of a nerve
Radicotomy: Removal of vertebrae reticular formations
Diagnostic Procedural Terms to Know: Nervous System
Echoencephalography: Process of getting pictures using sound waves
Electroencephalogram: Picture of electrical nature of brain
Electroencephalograph: Instrument of above
Electroencephalography: Process of above
Myelogram: X-ray of spinal column
Pneumoencephalogram: X-ray of brain and lungs
Ventriculogram: X-ray of ventricles
Computed tomography of the brain
Lumbar puncture: Incision into vertebral area, usually to withdraw fluid
Additional Terms to Know: Nervous System:
Anesthesia: Loss of consciousness, local anesthesia: loss of feeling to a certain body area
Aphasia: Loss of speech
Cephalalgia: Headache
Cerebral: Cerebral
Craniocerebral: Cerebral and cranium
Dysphasia: Difficult speaking
Encephaloschlerosis: Hardening of brain
Hemiparesis: Slight paralysis on half of body
Hemiplegia: Paralysis on one half of body
Hyperesthesia: Excessive sensitivity to some kind of stimuli
Monoplegia: Softening of spinal column
Myelomalacia: Softening of spinal column
Neuroid: Resembling a nerve
Neurologist: Specialist in nerves
Neurology: To study nerves
Phrenic: Pertaining to the mind
Phrenopathy: Disease of the mind
Psychiatry: Treatment of the mind
Psychogenic: Beginning in the mind
Psychologist: One who studies the mind
Psychology: Study of the mind
Psychopathy: Disease state of the mind
Psychosomatic: Illness mind causes
Quadriplegia; Paralysis all four limbs
Subdural: Under the dura mater
Tetraplegia: Quadriplegia
Coma: Unconscious state
Concussion: Injury to the head by violent jarring
Conscious: Awake and alert
Convulsion: Sudden, uncontrollable contractions of muscles
Paraplegia: Paralysis waist down
Seizure: Sudden attack of CNS