TERMS FOR LESSON 7:
THE URINARY SYSTEM
Organs to Know
Kidneys: Filtering organ of the body
Nephron: Basic filtering cell
Glomerulus: Cluster of capillaries on nephron
Bowman's capsule: The cup-shaped collecting area at the distal end of the nephron
Distal kidney tubule: The collecting area at the distal end of the nephron
Proximal kidney tubule: The collecting area at the proximal end of the nephron
Loope of Henle: Water filtering area of nephron
Renal pelvis: The collecting area for urine
Ureters: The tubes that lead from kidneys
Urinary bladder: Hollow sac the holds urine
Urethra: The tube from the bladder to the outside
Urinary meatus: Opening to outside of body
Urine: Waste liquid of the body
Medulla of the kidney: The location of the nephrons
Cortex of the kidney: The outer shell of kidney
Word Roots to Know:
Albumin/o: Albumin
Azot/o: Urea, nitrogen
Bacteri/o: Bacteria
Cali/o: Calcium
Calic/o: Calcium particles
Cyst/o: Bladder, sac
Dips/o: Thirst
Glomerul/o: Glomerulus
Glyc/o: Sugar
Glycos/o: Sugar
Hem/o: Blood
Hemat/o: Blood
Hydr/o: Water
Ket/o: Ketone
Keton/o: Ketone
Lith/o: Stone
Meat/o: Meatus
Nephr/o: Nephrone, kidney
Noct/o: Night
Olig/o: Few, scanty
Py/o: Pus
Pyel/o: Renal pelvis
Ren/o: Kidney
Son/o: Sound
Tom/o: Cut, section
Trachel/o: Neck, necklike
Trigon/o: Triangular area of bladder
Ureter/o: Ureter
Urethr/o: Urethra
Ur/o: Urine
Urin/o: Urine
Ven/o: Vein
Vesic/o: Sac, bladder
Prefixes and Suffixes to Know: Urinary System
Dia: Through
Olig: Few, scanty
A: Not, without
Dys: Bad, difficult, painful
Ultra: Above, greatly increased
Poly: Many
Iasis: Condition
Esis: Condition
Lysis: Separating, loosening
Megaly: Greatly enlarged
Orrhaphy: To suture
Ptosis: Fallen out of normal place, drooping
Tripsy: Surgical crushing
Trophy: development, growth in size
Uria: Urine, urination
Poietin: Chemical stimulating new cells growth
Diagnostic Terms to Know: Urinary System
Cystitis: Inflamed bladder
Cystocele: Herniated bladder
Cystolith: Stones in bladder
Glomerulonephritis: Inflamed filtering unit of the kidney
Hydronephrosis: Condition of retaining water in renal pelvis
Nephritis: Inflamed nephron
Nephrohypertrophy: Excessive development of the kidney
Nephroma: Tumor of the kidney
Nephromegaly: Enlarge kidney
Nephroptosis: Dropping kidney
Pyelitis: Inflammation of the renal pelvis
Pyelonephritis: Inflamed kidney and pelvis
Trachelocystitis: Inflammation of the neck of the bladder
Uremia: Blood in urine
Ureteritis: Inflammation of the ureter
Ureterocele: Protusion of the ureter
Ureterolithiasis: Stones in the ureter
Urethrostenosis: Narrowing of the urethra
Urethrocystitis: Inflamed urethra and bladder
Epispadias: Congenital defect where meatus is on top of penis
Hypospadias: Congenital defect where meatus is underneath penis
Polycystic kidney: Many cysts in kidney
Renal calculi: Kidney stones
Renal hypertension: High blood pressure because of kidney disease
Urinary retention: Inability to urinate
Urinary suppression: Sudden stopping of the formation of
urine
Surgical Terms to Know: Urinary System
Cystectomy: Removal of bladder
Cystostomy: New opening to drain urine
Vesicotomy: Incision into bladder
Cystolithotomy: Incision into bladder to remove stones
Cystorrhaphy: Suturing of the bladder
Cystoplasty: Repair of the bladder
Cystotrachelotomy: Incision into neck of bladder
Lithotripsy: Surgical crushing of stones
Meatotomy: Incision into the meatus
Nephrectomy: Surgical removal of kidney
Nephrolysis: Breakdown of kidney cells of the separation of the kidney from adhesions
Nephropexy: Surgical fixation of kidney
Nephrotomy: Incision into kidney tissue
Pyeloplasty: Repair of renal pelvis
Pyelostomy: New opening into renal pelvis
Ureterectomy: Excision of ureter
Ureterotomy: Incision into ureter
Urethropexy: Fixation of urethra
Urethroplasty: Surgical repair of urethra
Urethrostomy: New opening into urethra
Urethrotomy: Incision into urethra
Diagnostic Procedural Terms to Know: Urinary System
Cystogram: X-ray of bladder
Cystography: Process of getting a x-ray
Cystopyelogram: X-ray of bladder and renal pelvis
Cystopyelography: Process of getting a x-ray bladder and renal pelvis
Cystoscope: Instrument to view bladder
Cystoscopy
Cystoureterogram: X-ray of bladder and urether
Cystourethrogram: X-ray of bladder and urethra
Intravenous pyelogram: Using dyes to get picture of renal pelvis
Meatoscope: Tool to view meatus
Meatoscopy: The process to view meatus
Nephrosonography: To get picture using sound waves of kidney
Nephrotomogram: Sectional x-ray of kidney
Pyelogram: X-ray of renal pelvis
Renogram: X-ray of kidney
Retrograde pyelogram: Using dyes to get x-ray of fluid moving backward into renal pelvis
Urethrogram: X-ray of urethra
Urethrometer: Instrument to measure urethra
Urethroscope: Tool to view urethra
Urinometer: Tool to measure specific gravity of urine
Albuminuria: Albumin in urine output
Anuria: No urine output
Azoturia: Nitrogen in urine
Diuresis: urine flow, high amount of urine flow
Dysuria: painful urination
Glycosuria: sugar in urine
Hematuria: Blood in urine
Meatal: Pertaining to meatus
Nocturia: Night urination
Oliguria: Scanty urine output
Polyuria: Heavy urine output
Pyuria: Heavy urine output
Urinary: Pertaining to urine
Urologist: Kidney specialist
Urology: Study of the kidney
Catheter: Instrument for withdrawing or instilling fluids
Urinary catheterization: Installing a flexible tube into bladder
Distended: Greatly increased size of bladder
Diuretic: Medicine to increase urine output
Fulguration: The process of destroying growths in the bladder or other body tissue
Hemodialysis: Process of removing impurities from the blood
Incontinence: Unable to control urination
Lithotrite: Instrument used to crush stones in bladder
Micturate: Urination
Peritoneal dialysis: Process of removing toxic wastes from body when kidney can not, the Peritoneal cavity is used to store fluid
Resectoscope: Tool to remove prostatic tissue
Stricture: Abnormal narrowing of a vessel
Urinal: Urine receptacle
Urinalysis: Laboratory analysis of urine
Void: Urination