CHAPTER 11
Periosteum: Outer layer of bone
Compact bone: Hard layer under periosteum
Cancellous bone: Areas of sponge bone in compact layer
Endosteum: Membrane lining of hollow cavity of bone
Diaphysis: Shaft of the long bone
Epiphysis: End of the long bone
Epiphyseal plate: Growth plate in bone
Bone marrow: Soft material found in body cavity
Periosteum: Outer layer of bone
Compact bone: Hard layer under periosteum
Cancellous bone: Areas of sponge bone in compact layer
Endosteum: Membrane lining of hollow cavity of bone
Diaphysis: Shaft of the long bone
Epiphysis: End of the long bone
Epiphyseal plate: Growth plate in bone
Bone marrow: Soft material found in body cavity
Metatarsal: Foot bones
Articular cartilage: The contact surface area of joints
Meniscus: Crescent-shaped cartilage of knee
Symphysis pubis: The cartilage between pelvic halves
Synovia: Fluid of the joint cavities
Bursa: Fluid filled sac that allows one part of a joint to slide over another, between muscles for gliding motion
Ligament: Tissue that connect bone to bone
Tendon: Tissue that attaches muscles to bone
Aponeurosis: Sheet of tissue to attach muscle to bone
Carp/o: Hand
Clavic/o: Clavicle
Clavicul/o: Clavicle
Cost/o: Rib
Crani/o: Cranium
Femor/o: Femur
Fibul/o: Fibula
Humer/o: Humerus
Ili: Ilium
Ishci/o: Ischium
Mandibul/o: Mandible
Maxill/o: Maxilla
Patell/o: Patella
Phalang/o: Phalanges
Pub/o: Pubis
Radi/o: Radius
Scapul/o: Scapula
Stern/o: Sternum
Tars/o: Tarsal
Tibi/o: Tibia
Uln/o: Ulna
Vertebr/o: Vertebra
Rachi/o: Vertebra
Spondyl/o: Vertebral column
Aponeur/o: Aponeurosis
Athr/o: Joint
Burs/o: Bursa
Chondr/o: Cartilage
Menisc/o: Meniscus
Ten/o: Tendon
Tendin/o: Tendon
Tend/o: Tendon
Ankyl/o: Crooked, Stiff
Blast/o: Developing cell
Kinesi/o: Movement
Kyph/o: Hump
Lamin/o: Lamina, thin plate
Myel/o: Bone marrow
My/o: Muscle
Oste/o: Bone
Petr/o: Stone, rock
Scoli/o: Crooked, bent
Inter-: Between
Supra-: Above
Syn-, Sym-: Joined together
-asthenia: Weakness, loss of feeling
clasis: Break
-clast: Break
-clasia: Break
-desis: Surgical fixation, fusion
-physis: Growth
-schisis: Split, fissure
Ankylosis: Progressive stiffness
Arthritis: Inflamed joint
Arthrochondritis: Inflamed cartilage of joint
Bursitis: Inflamed bursa
Bursolith: Stone in the bursa
Crapoptosis: Drooping wrist
Cranioschiasis: Fissure of the skull
Kyphosis: Hump on the back
Maxillitis: Inflamed maxilla
Meniscitis: Inflamed meniscus
Myasthenia: Weak muscles
Myeloma: Tumor of bone marrow
Osteitis: Inflamed bone
Osteocarcinoma: Malignant tumor of bone
Osteochrondritis: Inflamed cartilage and bone
Osteofibroma: Tumor of bone fibers
Osteomalicia: Softening of bones
Osteomyelitis: Inflamed bone and bone marrow
Osteopetrosis: Stone like bones
Rachischisis: Congenital fissure of vertebral column
Scoliosis: Curved spine
Spondylarthritis: Stiffing of back bone
Tendinitis: Inflamed tendons
Tenodynia: Pain in tendons
Ankylosing spondylitis: Progressive stiffness of backbone
Bunion: Enlargement of joint at the toe
Exostosis: Growth on surface of bone
Fracture: Broken bone
Gout: Uric acid in the joints especially big toe
Herniated disc: Rupture of the intervertebral disc cartilage, extends into surrounding nerves
Muscular dystrophy: Degeneration of muscle
Myasthenia gravis: Progressive muscle weakness, autoimmune disease
Aponeurorrhaphy: Suture of aponeurosis
Arthroclasia: Breaking a stiff joint
Arthrodesis: Fixing a joint in place
Arthroplasty: Repair of joint
Arthrotomy: Incision into joint
Bursectomy: Remove bursa
Bursotomy: Incision into joint
Carpectomy: Remove carpal bone
Chondrectomy: Excision of cartilage
Chondroplasty: Repair of cartilage
Costectomy: Remove rib
Cranioplasty: Repair of cranium
Craniotomy: Incision into cranium
Laminectomy: Remove lamina from vertebra
Maxillectomy: Remove Maxillary bone
Meniscectomy: Remove meniscus
Myoplasty: Repair muscle
Myorrhaphy: Suture of muscle
Ostectomy: Remove bone
Osteoclasis: To rebreak a bone
Osteoplasty: Repair of bone
Osteotome: Instrument to cut bone
Osteotomy: Incision into bone
Patellectomy: Remove kneecap
Phalangectomy: Remove finger or toe
Rachiotomy: Incision into vertebra
Spondylosyndesis: To fuse backbone together
Tarsectomy; Remove one of tarsal bones
Tenomyoplasty: Repair tendon attachment to muscle
Tenorrhaphy: Suture of a tendon
Tenotomy: Incision into tendon
Arthrocentesis: To draw fluid from joint
Arthrogram: X-ray of joint
Athroscopy: To view inside of joint
Electromyogram: Electrical printout of muscle activity
Adenoblast: Developing gland cell
Arthroalgia: Joint pain
Bradykinesia: Slow movement
Carpal: Carpal bones
Dyskinesia: Difficult movement
Femoral: Femur
Humeral: Humerus
Hyperkinesia: Movement to excess overactive
Iliofemoral: Pertaining to ilium and femur
Intervertebral: Between vertebrae
Intracranial: Within cranium
Ischiofibular: Pertaining to ischium and fibula
Ischiopubic: Pertaining to ischium and pelvis
Osteoblast: Developing new bone cell
Osteocyte: Bone cell
Osteonecrosis: Death of bone tissue
Pubofemoral: Pertaining to pubis and femur
Sternoclavicular: Pertaining to sternum and clavicle
Sternoid: Resembling sterum
Subcostal: Below the rib
Submandibular: Below the mandible
Submaxillary: Below the Maxilla
Subscapular: Below the scapula
Symphysis: Growing together
Vertebrocostal: Pertaining to the vertebrae and ribs
Chiropodist: Foot specialist
Podiatrist: Foot specialist
Chiropractor: Specialist in Chiropractics
Chiropractic: Use of hands to treat
Orthopedic: Specialist in bone therapy
Orthopedist: Specialist in orthopedics, bones
Osteopathy: Medical training for osteopaths
Osteopath: Medical doctor from osteopathic schools