TERMS FOR LESSON 10
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Anatonomical Terms to Know
Mouth: Passage way of food
Palate: The roof of the mouth
Pharynx: The throat
Esophagus: Tube from pharynx to stomach
Stomach: Reservoir for food
Antrum: Lower portion of stomach
Pyloric sphincter: Muscle valve between stomach and small intestines
Small intestines: Tube between stomach and large intestines
Duodenum: First part of small intestines
Jejunum: Second part of small intestines
Ileum: Third section of small intestines
Large intestine: Tube from small intestines to anal opening
Cecum: First section of large intestines
Colon: Second section of large intestines
Rectum: Last section of large intestines
Anus: The sphincter muscle that keeps the end of the digestive tract tightly closed
Accessory Organs to Know
Salivary gland: Produce saliva in mouth
Liver: Performs the important function of producing aids to digestion
Gallbladder: Sac that holds bile
Pancreas: Produces digestive enzymes and aids to pass nutrients into the cell
Peritoneum: Lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities
Appendix: Small pouch of the cecum
Abdomen: Body structure between thorax and pelvic cavities
Word Roots to Know: Digestive System
An/o: Anus
Antr/o: Antrum
Cec/o: Cucum
Col/o: Colon
Duoden/o: Duodenum
Enter/o: Intestines
Esophag/o: Esophagus
Gastr/o: Stomach
Ile/o: Ileum
Jejun/o: Jejunum
Procto/o: Rectum area
Rect/o: Rectum
Sigmoid/o: Sigmoid colon
Stomat/o: Mouth
Or/o: Mouth
Appendic/o: Appendix
Cheil/o: Lip
Chol/o: Gall, bile
Diverticul/o: Diverticulum
Gingiv/o: Gums
Gloss/o: Tongue
Lingu/o: Tongue
Hepat/o: Liver
Herni/o: Hernia, protrusion or an organ through a body wall
Lapar/o: Abdominal wall
Abdomin/o: Abdomen
Palat/o: Palate
Pancreat/o: Pancreas
Peritone/o: Peritoneum
Pylor/o: Pylorus, pyloric sphincter
Sial/o: Saliva
Ovul/o: Uvula
Diagnostic Terms to Know: Digestive System
Appendicitis: Inflamed appendix
Cholecystitis: Inflamed gall bladder
Cholelithiasis: Gall stones
Diverticulitis: Inflamed diverticulum
Diverticulosis: Condition of diverticulum
Gastritis: Inflamed stomach
Gastroenteritis: Inflamed stomach and intestines
Gastroenterocolitis: Inflamed stomach, intestines and colon
Gingivitis: Inflamed gums
Hepatitis: Inflamed liver
Hepatoma: Tumor of liver tissue
Palatitis: Inflamed palate
Pancreatitis: Inflamed pancreas
Proctoptosis: Prolapse of the rectum area
Rectocele: Protrustion of the rectum
Sialolith: Salivary stone
Uvulitis: Inflamed uvula
Adhesion: Tissue that has grown together
Anorexia nervosa: Disorder of not eating enough food to maintain life
Cirrhosis: Hardening of the liver, infection of liver
Crohn's disease: A disorder of the last part of the small and first part of the large intestines
Duodenal ulcer: Open sore in the duodenum
Gastric ulcer: Open sore in the stomach
Intussusception: Telescoping of a portion of the intestine
Peptic ulcer: Gastric or duodenal ulcers
Ulcerative colitis: Inflamed colon with the beginnings of open sores forming
Volvulus: Twisting of the intestine
Surgical Terms to Know: Digestive System
Anoplasty: Repair of anus
Antrectomy: Excision of antrum
Appendectomy: Removal of appendix
Cheilorrhaphy: Suture of lip
Cholecystectomy: Remove gallbladder
Colectomy: Remove colon
Colostomy: New opening through abdominal wall to allow feces to drain
Diverticulectomy: Remove diverticulum
Esophagogastroplasty: Repair of the esophagus and stomach
Gastrectomy: Remove portion of stomach
Gastrojejunostomy: To create a new opening between stomach and jejunum
Gastrostomy: New opening into stomach
Gingivectomy: Remove gum tissue
Glossorrhaphy: Suture the tongue
Herniorrhaphy: Suture of tissue between organs
Ileostomy: New opening into ileum
Laparotomy: Incision through abdominal wall
Palatoplasty: Repair of palate
Pyloroplasty: Repair of pyloric sphincter
Uvulectomy: Remove uvula
Abdominoperineal resection: Remove colon and rectum
Anastomosis: Creating new connections between two structures not normally connected
Vagotomy: Cutting of vagus nerve to stomach
Diagnostic Procedural Terms to Know: Digestive System
Cholecystogram: X-ray of gallbladder
Endoscope: Instrument to view inside open tube like stomach
Endoscopy: The process to view inside one
Esophagoscope: Endoscope to esophagus
Esophagoscopy: Process to view esophagus
Gastroscope: Endoscope to view stomach
Gastroscopy: Process to view stomach
Sigmoidoscope: Endoscope to view sigmoid
Sigmoidoscopy: Process to view sigmoid
Lower GI series: X-ray of large intestines using barium
Upper GI series: X-ray of esophagus, stomach, small intestines by swallowing barium
Additonal Terms to Know: Digestive System
Abdominal: Abdomen
Anal: Anus
Apepsia: Lacking the ability to digest
Aphagia: Inability to swallow
Abdominocentesis: Removing fluid from abdominal cavity
Bradypepsia: Slow digestion
Dyspepsia: Difficult digestion
Dysphagia: Difficult swallowing
Gastromalacia: Tissue of stomach softening
Gastrodynia: Stomach ache
Glossopathy: Disease of tongue
Ileocecal: Pertaining to the ileum and cecum
Nasogastric: Pertaining to the nose and stomach
Oral: Mouth, by mouth
Pancreatic: Pertaining to pancreas
Peritoneal: Pertaining to peritoneum
Proctologist: Specialist in rectal area diseases
Proctology: Study of the rectal area
Stomatogastric: Pertaining to mouth and stomach
Sublingual: Under the tongue
Ascites: Abnormal collection of fluid in peritoneal cavity
Feces: Wastes for digestive tract, stools
Gavage: Feeding through a nasogastric tube
Gastric lavage: Cleaning out the stomach
Nausea: Feeling of vomiting
Vomit: To bring up food or other matter from stomach through the mouth